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Prevalence and risk factors for atopic dermatitis in preschool children

D G Peroni1, G L Piacentini, A Bodini

  • 1Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Piazzale Scuro, 37134 Verona, Italy. peroni.diego@tiscalinet.it

The British Journal of Dermatology
|December 11, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects 18.1% of preschool children, often linked to allergies and rhinitis. Key risk factors include sensitization to allergens and family history of atopy.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common childhood condition with variable prognosis.
  • Prognosis is influenced by AD severity and atopic sensitization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of AD in preschool children aged 3-5 years.
  • To identify comorbidities and risk factors associated with AD in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) written questionnaire.
  • Included additional questions on risk factors and conducted skin prick tests for atopy assessment.
  • Evaluated children in kindergarten settings with a high response rate (92%).

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of AD symptoms in the past year was 18.1%; doctor-diagnosed eczema was 15.4%.
  • Atopic sensitization was present in 18.6% of all children and 32.2% of those with AD.
  • Significant risk factors included sensitization to allergens (mites, grass pollen, egg, cat) and a positive family history of atopy.

Conclusions:

  • AD is highly prevalent in preschool children, strongly associated with rhinitis symptoms.
  • Allergen sensitization and parental history of atopy are significant predictors of AD.
Abstract

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