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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions

The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
The Extracellular Matrix01:29

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Disruption of the Mouse Blood-Brain Barrier by Small Extracellular Vesicles from Hypoxic Human Placentas
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Maternal diabetes affects specific extracellular matrix components during placentation.

F R C Giachini1, V Carriel, L P Capelo

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Anatomy
|December 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes during pregnancy alters placental extracellular matrix, specifically increasing fibronectin in the labyrinth region. This suggests a link between maternal diabetes and fetal developmental abnormalities due to changes at the maternal-fetal interface.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Embryo implantation involves trophoblast invasion and placentation, influenced by the endometrial extracellular matrix.
  • Maternal diabetes is associated with abnormal placental morphology and fetal complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of experimentally induced diabetes on placental morphology and extracellular matrix composition in rats.
  • To identify specific extracellular matrix molecules altered by diabetes during pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats using alloxan on day 2 of pregnancy.
  • Placentas were collected on days 14, 17, and 20 for analysis using immunoperoxidase techniques.
  • Distribution of collagen, proteoglycans (decorin, biglycan), laminin, and fibronectin was examined.

Main Results:

  • Type I and III collagen, decorin, and biglycan were present in placentas of both control and diabetic rats.
  • Laminin expression decreased by the end of pregnancy in all groups.
  • Fibronectin was found in the labyrinth region of diabetic rat placentas throughout gestation, unlike controls.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular matrix molecules are modulated during placental development.
  • Diabetes in pregnancy leads to increased fibronectin deposition in the placental labyrinth.
  • These alterations suggest diabetes impacts the maternal-fetal interface, potentially causing offspring developmental issues.