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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Published on: February 28, 2017

Osteoclasts secrete non-bone derived signals that induce bone formation.

Morten A Karsdal1, Anita V Neutzsky-Wulff, Morten H Dziegiel

  • 1Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, DK-2730, Denmark.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|December 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone breakdown, secrete factors that stimulate bone formation. This discovery may explain bone formation imbalances in osteopetrosis patients.

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Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
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Published on: December 10, 2010

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors
08:01

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Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
07:53

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

Published on: December 10, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Skeletal Physiology

Background:

  • Bone turnover involves tightly regulated coupling of resorption and formation.
  • Osteopetrosis patients exhibit impaired bone resorption but normal/increased formation.
  • This suggests osteoclasts, not just resorption, influence bone formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if osteoclasts produce signals that promote bone formation.
  • To determine if osteoclast-derived factors mediate bone anabolic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Human osteoclasts were cultured on bone or plastic.
  • Conditioned media (CM) from osteoclast cultures were collected.
  • The effect of CM on osteoblast bone nodule formation was assessed.

Main Results:

  • Osteoclast CM significantly induced dose-dependent bone nodule formation by osteoblasts.
  • CM from osteoclasts cultured on bone or plastic showed similar effects.
  • Non-conditioned medium had no effect on osteoblast activity.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoclasts secrete non-bone derived factors that stimulate preosteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
  • These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which osteoclasts regulate bone formation.
  • This may elucidate the uncoupled bone remodeling observed in osteopetrosis.