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The neuroendocrine effects of traumatic brain injury

Micol S Rothman1, David B Arciniegas, Christopher M Filley

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA.

The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
|December 12, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often causes underdiagnosed neuroendocrine dysfunction, impacting recovery. Hormone imbalances, especially in growth and gonadal axes, are common and require further study for effective treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Neurology
  • Traumatic Brain Injury Research

Background:

  • Neuroendocrine dysfunction is a frequent complication following traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  • This dysfunction is often under-diagnosed and under-treated, potentially hindering patient recovery.
  • Disruptions commonly affect the pituitary-target hormone axes, particularly the gonadal and growth hormone axes, in up to two-thirds of TBI survivors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical spectrum of neuroendocrine deficits post-TBI.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of these deficits.
  • To highlight the need for further research into hormonal replacement's effect on recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and case reports on neuroendocrine dysfunction after TBI.
  • Analysis of the incidence and types of pituitary hormone deficiencies.
  • Examination of the relationship between hormonal status, cognitive function, and rehabilitation.

Main Results:

  • Neuroendocrine dysfunction is prevalent after TBI, with gonadal and growth hormone axes most commonly affected.
  • The temporal relationship between pituitary function changes, cognitive deficits, and rehabilitation progress remains poorly understood.
  • Current understanding suggests a significant impact on recovery rates.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroendocrine dysfunction is a critical, often overlooked, consequence of TBI.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate the mechanisms and optimize the management of these hormonal deficits.
  • Hormone replacement therapy warrants investigation for its potential to improve TBI recovery.

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