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Related Concept Videos

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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A Multilayer Microfluidic Platform for the Conduction of Prolonged Cell-Free Gene Expression
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Coupling and coordination in gene expression processes: a systems biology view.

Suzanne Komili1, Pamela A Silver

  • 1Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02119, USA.

Nature Reviews. Genetics
|December 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Genome-scale analyses reveal complex gene regulation networks. These studies show how genes, mRNAs, and proteins coordinate cellular functions for versatility.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Traditional studies focused on individual gene expression components.
  • Genome-scale analyses offer a global view of gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To understand the interplay between different gene regulatory events.
  • To highlight functional connections and coordination within eukaryotic gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genome-scale analyses.
  • Investigating functional connections between genes, mRNAs, and regulatory proteins.
  • Examining coordination within regulatory levels, such as transcription factor organization.

Main Results:

  • Revealed global information about functional connections in gene regulation.
  • Highlighted unappreciated links, including nuclear-cytoplasmic coupling.
  • Demonstrated extensive coordination within regulatory levels, like transcription factor motifs.

Conclusions:

  • Genome-wide approaches enhance understanding of eukaryotic gene expression as a system.
  • These studies reveal how cells achieve both coordination and versatility in gene expression.