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Related Concept Videos

Induced Electric Dipoles01:29

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...
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Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
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Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Directional coupler with soliton-induced waveguides.

S Lan, E Delre, Z Chen

    Optics Letters
    |December 12, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers created a novel directional coupler using two parallel photorefractive solitons. This device enables efficient light coupling between induced waveguides for longer wavelengths, with performance dependent on soliton proximity.

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Photonic devices
    • Waveguide technology

    Background:

    • Photorefractive solitons offer unique light-induced waveguide properties.
    • Directional couplers are fundamental components in photonic integrated circuits.
    • Controlling light propagation in parallel waveguides is crucial for optical communication.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel directional coupler based on mutually incoherent photorefractive solitons.
    • To investigate efficient light coupling between soliton-induced waveguides.
    • To analyze the impact of soliton separation on coupling efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Generating two mutually incoherent photorefractive solitons in parallel.
    • Utilizing these solitons to form two parallel waveguides.

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    Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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  • Coupling probe beams at longer wavelengths between the induced waveguides.
  • Varying the distance between the solitons to study coupling effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully demonstrated a directional coupler using photorefractive solitons.
    • Achieved efficient coupling of probe beams at wavelengths significantly longer than the solitons.
    • Quantified the relationship between soliton separation distance and coupling efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Mutually incoherent photorefractive solitons can effectively form waveguides for directional coupling.
    • The demonstrated coupler is efficient for probe beams at longer wavelengths.
    • Soliton proximity is a key parameter for controlling coupling in this system.