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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis
06:56

Antibody Transfection into Neurons as a Tool to Study Disease Pathogenesis

Published on: September 26, 2012

Nucleic acid recognition receptors in autoimmunity.

Anne Krug1

  • 1II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinkum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Trogerstr. 32, D-81675, München, Germany. anne.krug@lrz.tum.de

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|December 12, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in autoimmune diseases by recognizing self DNA and RNA. Dysregulation of these receptors and nucleic acid clearance mechanisms can lead to systemic autoimmunity, offering therapeutic targets.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are implicated in systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • Endosomal TLRs (TLR7 and TLR9) recognize self DNA and RNA in immune cells.
  • These TLRs act as autoadjuvants, breaking tolerance to self-antigens and contributing to diseases like SLE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TLRs in the generation of autoreactive immune responses.
  • To understand how recognition of self nucleic acids contributes to systemic autoimmunity.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within innate immune receptors.

Main Methods:

  • Studies in mouse models of systemic autoimmune diseases.
  • In vivo experiments in SLE mouse models.
  • Analysis of immune responses involving B lymphocytes and dendritic cells.

Main Results:

  • TLR7 is essential for generating RNA-containing antinuclear antibodies and immune complex deposition in SLE models.
  • TLR9 exhibits both immunostimulatory and regulatory roles in SLE.
  • Type I Interferon amplifies autoimmune responses.
  • TLR-independent pathways and defects in nucleic acid clearance also contribute to autoimmunity.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulation of nucleic acid recognition receptors and protective mechanisms promotes systemic autoimmunity.
  • Targeting innate immune receptors involved in self nucleic acid recognition offers a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases.