Atherosclerosis and oxidative stress

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Research
• Oxidative Stress Biology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Atherosclerosis is characterized by oxidative stress within the vascular wall, involving lipid and protein modifications.
• Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling mediators in vascular inflammation during atherogenesis, from initial fatty streaks to plaque rupture.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the morphological features of atherosclerosis and the role of oxidative stress in its initiation and progression.
• To explore the mechanisms of ROS production and the involvement of antioxidants in atherogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on the involvement of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of ROS-generating enzymes (NADPH oxidase, MPO, XO, LO, NOS) and mitochondrial dysfunction.
• Examination of antioxidant systems (SOD, CAT, GPx, etc.) and their protective roles.

Main Results:

• Heightened oxidative stress is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, contributing to vascular inflammation and plaque instability.
• Specific ROS sources, including NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial dysfunction, play a causal role in vascular diseases.
• Antioxidant systems are crucial for maintaining vascular health, and their imbalance favors arteriosclerosis.

Conclusions:

• Oxidative stress is a key driver of atherosclerosis, impacting all stages from initiation to plaque rupture and thrombosis.
• Targeting ROS-producing enzymes and enhancing antioxidant defenses represent promising therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases.