A pilot study of self-management in African Americans with common chronic conditions

Self-management as a tool to manage chronic conditions has been well-described for majority populations. Limited studies exist on the potential benefit of self-management programs for African Americans with chronic conditions. The purpose was to demonstrate the feasibility, effectiveness and acceptability of a structured self-management program in African Americans with one or more chronic conditions.

This pilot study involved an intervention-only arm of a six-week peer-led program aimed at improving important self-management skills, including self-efficacy and physical activity. Participants were recruited from local churches and independent living senior centers, and trained lay leaders served as facilitators of the self-management program.

A total of 46 people participated in this program. Participants were mostly African American (96%), female (91%), with a mean age of 65 (11), and 2.7 (1.5) chronic conditions. We found significant increases in pre- to postintervention self-efficacy (P<.01) and self-reported walking for exercise (P<0.05). Self-rated health also had significant improvement (P<.01). Qualitative feedback revealed a desire for more support with transforming traditional foods and creative exercise strategies.

A standardized peer-led self-management course was effective at improving self-efficacy, walking for exercise and self-rated health in African Americans with a variety of common chronic conditions. Future self-management interventions should focus more on cultural interests and strengths such as spirituality, existing support networks for behavioral change, and retention strategies to achieve long-term lifestyle changes.