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Related Concept Videos

Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens
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Screening and Identification of RNA Silencing Suppressors from Secreted Effectors of Plant Pathogens

Published on: February 3, 2020

RNA silencing movement in plants.

Kriton Kalantidis1, Heiko Tobias Schumacher, Tasos Alexiadis

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklion/Crete, Greece. kriton@imbb.forth.gr

Biology of the Cell
|December 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

RNA silencing spreads non-cell-autonomously in plants via short-range signals like small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and systemically through the phloem. This review clarifies pathways of RNA silencing spread in plants.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA silencing is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism in higher eukaryotes.
  • In plants and some animals, RNA silencing is non-cell-autonomous, spreading from cell to cell.
  • Silencing spreads systemically through the phloem, but mediators of this systemic spread are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify commonalities and differences between individual RNA silencing spread pathways in plants.
  • To review recent findings on the genetic elements involved in short-range RNA silencing spread.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on RNA silencing spread pathways in plants.
  • Analysis of cell-to-cell movement mechanisms and systemic translocation of silencing signals.

Main Results:

  • Short-range silencing spread in plants involves cell-to-cell movement via plasmodesmata, likely mediated by 21-nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
  • Systemic silencing spreads through the phloem, similar to metabolite transport.
  • Recent studies have identified various genetic elements in the short-range silencing pathway.

Conclusions:

  • RNA silencing spread in plants exhibits both short-range (cell-to-cell) and long-range (systemic) components.
  • While short-range spread mechanisms involving siRNAs are increasingly understood, systemic spread mediators require further investigation.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for elucidating the full scope of RNA silencing in plants.