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Telomeres and Telomerase

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Modified Terminal Restriction Fragment Analysis for Quantifying Telomere Length Using In-gel Hybridization

Published on: July 10, 2017

Quantitative telomeric overhang determination using a double-strand specific nuclease.

Yong Zhao¹, Hirotoshi Hoshiyama, Jerry W Shay

¹Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research

|December 13, 2007

Summary

Researchers developed a method using a double-strand specific nuclease (DSN) to measure telomere overhangs. This technique digests double-stranded DNA, leaving single-stranded overhangs intact for accurate size determination.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity; A Yin and Yang of Cell Senescence

Published on: May 22, 2013

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Biochemistry

Background:

Telomeres protect chromosome ends and form t-loops.
Accurate measurement of telomere 3' overhangs is crucial for understanding DNA repair and replication.
Existing methods struggle with the large size of telomeric DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel method for accurately measuring telomere 3' overhang size.
To overcome limitations of current techniques for analyzing telomeric DNA structures.

Main Methods:

Utilized a double-strand specific nuclease (DSN) to selectively digest double-stranded DNA.
Left single-stranded telomeric 3' overhangs intact for subsequent analysis.
Enabled direct measurement of overhang length.

Main Results:

The DSN efficiently digested double-stranded telomeric DNA.
Telomere overhangs remained intact and measurable after DSN treatment.
This method allows for accurate determination of overhang size.

Conclusions:

The described DSN-based method provides a robust tool for telomere overhang analysis.
This technique facilitates research into telomere maintenance and function.
Accurate overhang measurement is key to understanding genome stability.