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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
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Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

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Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
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Radical Autoxidation01:20

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.

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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Implementation of a Hyperbolic Vortex Plasma Reactor for the Removal of Micropollutants in Water
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Pentachlorophenol oxidation rates in supercritical water.

Seung Ho Han1, Bambang Veriansyah, Jae-Duck Kim

  • 1Supercritical Fluid Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering
|December 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Supercritical water oxidation effectively degrades pentachlorophenol (PCP), a toxic herbicide. This study determined the reaction kinetics, providing crucial data for optimizing PCP removal processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Reaction Kinetics

Background:

  • Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widely used herbicide and termite control agent.
  • PCP is a probable human carcinogen, necessitating effective degradation methods.
  • Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a promising technology for hazardous waste treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the oxidation rate of pentachlorophenol (PCP) under supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) conditions.
  • To determine the kinetic parameters governing the degradation of PCP.
  • To establish a global PCP oxidation rate model.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted in an isothermal continuous tubular reactor.
  • Temperatures ranged from 400-550°C at a fixed pressure of 25 MPa.
  • Pentachlorophenol conversion was monitored using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis.

Main Results:

  • A global PCP oxidation rate was regressed from 48 experiments with 95% confidence.
  • The determined activation energy was 43.56 ± 1.47 kJ/mol.
  • Reaction orders for PCP (TOC) and oxidant were 0.74 ± 0.02 and 0.42 ± 0.05, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • SCWO is an effective method for pentachlorophenol degradation.
  • The kinetic model provides valuable insights for optimizing SCWO processes for PCP removal.
  • This research contributes to understanding the environmental remediation of persistent organic pollutants.