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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

[Hormonal contraception in men].

W de Ronde1, E J H Meuleman

  • 1VU Medisch Centrum, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam. p.deronde@vumc.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|December 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Male hormonal contraception using androgens and progestagens has shown limited success. Current methods face challenges in efficacy, safety, and user-friendliness, hindering their widespread adoption in the next five years.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Male reproductive health
  • Hormonal therapies

Context:

  • Despite the success of female hormonal contraception, a comparable male option remains elusive.
  • Injectable androgen and progestagen combinations are being investigated for male contraception.
  • Existing male hormonal contraceptive candidates face significant developmental hurdles.

Purpose:

  • To review the current state and challenges of male hormonal contraception.
  • To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and user-friendliness of existing male hormonal contraceptive candidates.
  • To project the future viability of male hormonal contraception as a mainstream option.

Summary:

  • Injectable androgen and progestagen combinations can suppress sperm production (spermatogenesis).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

  • Current male hormonal contraceptive formulations exhibit insufficient efficacy and a prolonged delay to achieve azoospermia (complete absence of sperm).
  • Concerns regarding moderate user-friendliness, long-term safety, and reversibility persist for these investigational agents.

    • Impact:

    • Male hormonal contraception is unlikely to become a viable alternative to female methods within the next five years.
    • Further research and development are needed to overcome the limitations of current male hormonal contraceptive strategies.
    • The findings highlight the complexities in developing safe, effective, and user-friendly male hormonal contraceptives.