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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

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The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...

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Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
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Irritable assault and variation in the COMT gene.

Janine D Flory1, Ke Xu, Antonia S New

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA. janine.flory@mssn.edu

Psychiatric Genetics
|December 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The COMT Val158Met polymorphism did not link to aggression in personality disorder patients. However, a different COMT gene variant (rs16559 G allele) showed an association with aggression, suggesting a complex role for COMT in aggressive behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The Val158Met polymorphism in the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene, specifically the Met allele, has been linked to aggression in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
  • COMT enzyme activity is crucial for neurotransmitter regulation, influencing mood and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and aggression in individuals with Axis II personality disorders.
  • To explore the relationship between other COMT gene polymorphisms and self-reported aggression in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COMT gene, including Val158Met and rs16559.
  • Assessment of aggression using the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory in 112 participants with personality disorders.
  • Participant classification as 'white' based on US Census Bureau definitions.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and aggression levels.
  • A significant association emerged between self-reported aggression and the G allele of the rs16559 polymorphism in the COMT gene's 3' UTR.
  • The rs16559 G allele, associated with lower COMT expression, is less common in individuals with schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide limited support for the COMT gene's role in modulating aggressive behavior, particularly in individuals with personality disorders.
  • The rs16559 polymorphism may represent a more relevant genetic marker for aggression than Val158Met in this context.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking COMT gene variants to aggressive behavior across different psychiatric populations.