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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

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The effect of single versus multiple sets on strength.

Stephen B Kelly¹, Lee E Brown, Jared W Coburn

¹Department of Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, California State University, Fullerton, California 92831, USA. SKLF25@aol.com

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

|December 14, 2007

Summary

Multiple sets of resistance exercise are more effective for increasing quadriceps strength than single sets. This study found that performing three sets significantly improved peak torque, while a single set did not yield the same results.

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Sports Science
Biomechanics

Background:

Debate exists regarding the efficacy of single-set versus multiple-set resistance training for strength gains.
Understanding optimal training volumes is crucial for effective strength development programs.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the effects of single-set versus multiple-set resistance training on lower-body strength.
To determine if multiple sets are superior to single sets for increasing peak torque.

Main Methods:

Forty participants were divided into control, single-set (SS), and multiple-set (MS) groups.
Subjects performed maximal knee extensions twice weekly for eight weeks using an isokinetic dynamometer.
Strength was measured as peak torque (PT) at 60 degrees/second at pretest, midtest, and posttest.

Main Results:

The multiple-set (MS) group showed a significant increase in peak torque from pretest to midtest (p < 0.05).
The single-set (SS) and control (C) groups did not exhibit significant strength improvements during the study period.
No significant strength changes were observed between the midtest and posttest for any group.

Conclusions:

Performing three sets of isokinetic knee extensions is more effective for increasing peak torque than performing a single set.
Multiple sets of resistance exercise appear to be superior to single sets for enhancing quadriceps strength.