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Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
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Membrane Transporters

Transporters are essential membrane transport proteins with functions related to cell nutrition, homeostasis, communication, etc. Approximately 7% of all genes in the human genome code for transporters or transporter-related proteins.
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Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Expression, Solubilization, and Purification of Eukaryotic Borate Transporters
08:55

Expression, Solubilization, and Purification of Eukaryotic Borate Transporters

Published on: March 7, 2019

A high-affinity molybdate transporter in eukaryotes.

Manuel Tejada-Jiménez1, Angel Llamas, Emanuel Sanz-Luque

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Scientists identified MoT1, a high-affinity molybdate transporter in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This discovery clarifies how eukaryotic cells uptake essential molybdenum, crucial for vital metabolic enzymes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Molybdenum is essential for enzymes in carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism.
  • Eukaryotic molybdenum uptake mechanisms remain largely unknown, unlike bacterial ABC transporter systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize eukaryotic molybdate transporters.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of molybdenum uptake in eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Antisense RNA strategy in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to inhibit MoT1 gene expression.
  • Heterologous expression of MoT1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Analysis of deduced protein sequence for conserved motifs.

Main Results:

  • MoT1 identified as a high-affinity molybdate transporter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
  • Inhibition of MoT1 expression reduced molybdate transport and nitrate reductase activity.
  • Molybdate uptake via MOT1 exhibited a low K(m) of ~6 nM and was nitrate-activated.
  • MoT1 defines a new family of membrane proteins distantly related to SULTR transporters.

Conclusions:

  • MoT1 is a functional high-affinity molybdate transporter in eukaryotes.
  • This finding is a significant step in understanding molybdenum transport in eukaryotic cells.
  • MoT1 and related proteins represent a conserved family involved in molybdate transport across different organisms.