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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

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Surface hydrophobicity causes SO2 tolerance in lichens.

Markus Hauck¹, Sascha-René Jürgens, Martin Brinkmann

¹Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant Sciences, Dept. Plant Ecology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany. mhauck@gwdg.de

Annals of Botany

|December 14, 2007

Summary

Lichen

Area of Science:

Lichenology
Environmental Science
Plant Physiology

Background:

The superhydrophobicity of Lecanora conizaeoides, a sulfur dioxide (SO(2))-tolerant lichen, suggests hydrophobicity may control SO(2) tolerance in lichens.
This study investigates the relationship between lichen surface hydrophobicity and SO(2) tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

To test the hypothesis that surface hydrophobicity is a general feature controlling SO(2) tolerance in lichen symbioses.
To quantify the relationship between thallus wettability and SO(2) tolerance across diverse lichen species.

Main Methods:

Contact angle measurements were used to quantify thallus surface hydrophobicity.
50 lichen species with known SO(2) tolerance were analyzed using water droplet tests.

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Main Results:

Lichen thallus wettability varied significantly, from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
Increased surface hydrophobicity correlated with higher SO(2) tolerance in lichens.
Acetone extraction of secondary metabolites reduced hydrophobicity but did not eliminate it.

Conclusions:

Surface hydrophobicity is the primary factor determining SO(2) tolerance in lichens.
Hydrophobicity likely evolved for water management in wet habitats, preventing photosynthetic impairment.
Hydrophilicity is an adaptation for dry or humid, non-rain-exposed environments.
The role of hydrophobicity in SO(2) tolerance explains tolerance to other toxins, like heavy metals.