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Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

Published on: April 11, 2025

An implantable microsystem as a vision prosthesis.

Wilfried Mokwa¹

¹Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. mokwa@iwe1.rwth-aachen.de

Medical Device Technology

|December 15, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed an implantable vision prosthesis to restore sight by electrically stimulating retinal ganglion cells. This device aims to evoke visual sensations in the brain for individuals with retinal degeneration, with clinical trials commencing soon.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Retinitis pigmentosa and macula degeneration cause blindness through photoreceptor (rods and cones) degeneration.
Current treatments for these conditions are limited, leaving many patients with severe vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce an implantable vision prosthesis designed to restore functional vision.
To electrically stimulate retinal ganglion cells to bypass damaged photoreceptors.

Main Methods:

Development of an implantable device to deliver electrical stimulation to the retina.
Evoking action potentials in retinal ganglion cells via targeted electrical stimulation.

Main Results:

The device successfully evokes action potentials in retinal ganglion cells.
This stimulation leads to the generation of visual sensations perceived in the visual cortex.

Conclusions:

The vision prosthesis shows promise for treating blindness caused by retinal degeneration.
Upcoming clinical trials will assess the safety and efficacy of this innovative approach.