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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...

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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Esophageal involvement in juvenile localized scleroderma: a pilot study.

G Guariso1, S Conte, F Galeazzi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, 1Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological ScienceUniversity of Padua, Italy. guariso@pediatria.unipd.it

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
|December 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Esophageal abnormalities are common in juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS), affecting 57% of patients. This suggests a need for gastrointestinal evaluation in JLS patients, particularly those with positive autoantibodies.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunodermatology

Background:

  • Juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS) is a rare autoimmune condition affecting the skin and connective tissues.
  • Esophageal involvement can be a potential complication of systemic sclerosis, but data in JLS is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and nature of esophageal dysfunction in children diagnosed with JLS.
  • To assess esophageal motility, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), and esophagitis in a cohort of JLS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Esophageal stationary manometry was performed to assess esophageal motility and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function.
  • 24-hour distal esophageal pH-monitoring was utilized to detect pathological acid exposure and GER.
  • Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy was conducted to evaluate for esophagitis.

Main Results:

  • The study included 14 JLS patients (mean age 13.3 years; 10 female).
  • Esophageal abnormalities were detected in 8 patients (57%), including abnormal acid exposure (7/14), motor abnormalities (5/14), and esophagitis (5/14).
  • Positive autoantibodies (ANA, RF) were more frequent in patients with esophageal involvement.

Conclusions:

  • Esophageal involvement is a frequent, often asymptomatic, finding in JLS patients.
  • These preliminary results suggest that comprehensive GI evaluation may be warranted for JLS patients, especially those with positive autoantibodies or GI symptoms.