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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...

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In Ovo Xenografting of Patient-Derived Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cells (PDX-ALL)
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In Ovo Xenografting of Patient-Derived Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cells (PDX-ALL)

Published on: August 1, 2025

[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)].

Kiyotoshi Imai1, Hideki Akiyama

  • 1Dept. of Hematology, Hokuyu Hospital.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|December 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment shows high survival rates. Adult ALL, especially Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL, faces challenges with relapse and survival, necessitating novel therapies and early detection.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survival rates have improved significantly, reaching approximately 80% long-term disease-free survival (DFS).
  • Adult ALL complete remission (CR) rates have risen to 70-90%, but the 5-year overall survival (OS) remains low at ~30% due to high relapse rates.
  • Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL is associated with a poor prognosis, historically lacking effective treatment options.

Purpose:

  • To review the current treatment landscape for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), focusing on advancements and challenges in both pediatric and adult populations.
  • To evaluate the impact of targeted therapies like imatinib on Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) ALL.
  • To discuss strategies for improving outcomes in adult ALL, including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST) and novel therapeutic approaches.

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In Ovo Xenografting of Patient-Derived Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Cells (PDX-ALL)
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Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Published on: September 18, 2013

Summary:

  • Imatinib, a BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in Ph+ ALL, and its combination with chemotherapy offers improved prognosis, though imatinib resistance remains a concern.
  • Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HST) is a key strategy for preventing recurrence in ALL, particularly when an HLA-matched donor is available.
  • For Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) ALL, young adults treated within pediatric protocols achieve superior outcomes (5-year OS of 81%).
  • Novel biologic or targeted therapies and early minimal residual disease detection are crucial for improving outcomes in older adult patients or those without a suitable donor.

Impact:

  • Advances in targeted therapies and a better understanding of minimal residual disease are critical for improving survival rates in adult ALL.
  • The development of novel treatments is essential for patients with relapsed or refractory ALL, especially those lacking donor options for HST.
  • Personalized treatment strategies, considering factors like Philadelphia chromosome status and patient age, are key to optimizing ALL management and patient outcomes.