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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Atypical presentations and pitfalls of achalasia.

Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus·2023
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
11:19

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

[Childhood achalasia: a separate entity?].

J Bohl1, I Gockel, F Sultanov

  • 1Klinik für Allgemein- und Abdominalchirurgie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.

Zeitschrift Fur Gastroenterologie
|December 15, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Childhood achalasia shows reduced myenteric ganglia, similar to adults, but with less neural inflammation. Findings suggest varied causes, not a distinct pediatric entity.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Pathology
  • Neuropathology

Context:

  • Achalasia in children is rare, with unknown etiology and pathogenesis.
  • Neuropathological changes in pediatric achalasia differ from adult forms.
  • Heller myotomy is a common treatment for pediatric achalasia.

Purpose:

  • To examine the morphological properties of the lower esophageal sphincter's high-pressure zone in children with achalasia.
  • To compare the histopathological findings in pediatric achalasia with those in adults.

Summary:

  • Histopathological analysis revealed a significant reduction or absence of myenteric ganglia in the lower esophageal sphincter's high-pressure zone in children.
  • Neural inflammation was rare in pediatric cases, unlike in adults.

More Related Videos

Robotic Heller Myotomy for Advancements in Surgical Management of Achalasia
09:46

Robotic Heller Myotomy for Advancements in Surgical Management of Achalasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
11:19

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

Robotic Heller Myotomy for Advancements in Surgical Management of Achalasia
09:46

Robotic Heller Myotomy for Advancements in Surgical Management of Achalasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

  • Pronounced fibrosis of smooth muscle layers was observed in all pediatric patients, but muscular hypertrophy or visceral myopathy was absent. Interstitial Cajal cells were reduced, similar to adult findings.

    • Impact:

    • Findings suggest that childhood achalasia, despite variability, may not be a distinct clinical entity from adult achalasia.
    • The histopathological results align with descriptions of hereditary achalasia in children, such as in Allgrove's syndrome.
    • Understanding these neuropathological differences is crucial for diagnosing and managing pediatric achalasia.