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Related Concept Videos

Sublimation01:03

Sublimation

Sublimation is the direct transformation of a solid to a gaseous state. For instance, at standard pressure and room temperature, solid carbon dioxide sublimes to gaseous carbon dioxide. The phase diagram depicts the conditions required for sublimation. This process occurs at the solid-gas phase boundary and is not observed above the triple point of the substance. The reverse of sublimation is called deposition, where a gaseous substance condenses directly into a solid. Sublimation and...
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

Lyophilization of proteins.

Paul Matejtschuk1

  • 1Standardization Science, National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, UK.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This chapter details methods for successful protein freeze-drying (lyophilization) at laboratory and pilot scales. It covers protein purification, reference material development, and troubleshooting common issues in lyophilization processes.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Process Development

Background:

  • Proteins are crucial biomolecules requiring stabilization for storage and use.
  • Freeze-drying (lyophilization) is a key technique for protein stabilization.
  • Understanding optimal methods is essential for reliable protein applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe effective methods for freeze-drying proteins.
  • To provide practical examples for small- and intermediate-scale applications.
  • To offer guidance on troubleshooting common challenges in protein lyophilization.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of freeze-drying protocols for proteins.
  • Laboratory-scale purification of protein intermediates.

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The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
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Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

Mass Spectrometric Approaches to Study Protein Structure and Interactions in Lyophilized Powders
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Mass Spectrometric Approaches to Study Protein Structure and Interactions in Lyophilized Powders

Published on: April 14, 2015

The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples
10:12

The MPLEx Protocol for Multi-omic Analyses of Soil Samples

Published on: May 30, 2018

  • Pilot-scale development of lyophilized protein reference materials.
  • Main Results:

    • Successful implementation of freeze-drying techniques for protein stabilization.
    • Demonstration of protein purification and reference material development via lyophilization.
    • Identification and solutions for common problems encountered during protein freeze-drying.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective freeze-drying methods ensure protein stability and integrity.
    • Lyophilization is a versatile technique applicable from analytical characterization to bioassay development.
    • Practical guidance is provided to overcome challenges in protein lyophilization.