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Updated: Jul 9, 2026
08:09
Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils
Published on: November 16, 2015
[Apoptosis lymphocytes T and B in adenoid]
Beata Zelazowska-Rutkowska1, Jolanta Wysocka, Karol Ratomski
1Akademia Medyczna w Białymstoku, Zakład Laboratoryjnej Diagnostyki Pediatrycznej. zelazowskab@wp.pl
Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
|December 18, 2007
Summary
Apoptosis, a programmed cell death, is vital for development and immunity. It eliminates harmful cells, including cancerous and mutated ones, and regulates immune cell populations.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Context:
- Apoptosis is a crucial physiological process for multicellular organisms.
- It is essential for development, tissue homeostasis, and eliminating damaged cells.
- Immune system regulation heavily relies on lymphocyte apoptosis.
Purpose:
- To define apoptosis and its significance in biological systems.
- To elucidate the role of apoptosis in immune cell selection and homeostasis.
- To introduce the primary signaling pathways of apoptosis.
Summary:
- Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is fundamental for embryogenesis, homeostasis, and removing aberrant cells.
- Specifically, lymphocyte apoptosis is critical for T and B cell selection and maintaining immune system balance.
- Two main apoptotic pathways exist: the death receptor and intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways.
Impact:
- Understanding apoptosis mechanisms aids in developing therapies for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
- Highlights the importance of programmed cell death in maintaining health and preventing disease.
- Provides a foundation for further research into apoptotic signaling and therapeutic interventions.
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01:30Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
01:17Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
01:20Special Features of Adaptive Immunity
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The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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01:18Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
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01:23Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response
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01:22Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy
Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...