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Comprehensive &amp; Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
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Published on: October 31, 2010

Assessing HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination in developing countries.

Becky L Genberg1, Surinda Kawichai, Alfred Chingono

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St. (E-6547), Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

AIDS and Behavior
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Summary

This study developed a new, comprehensive scale to measure HIV/AIDS stigma in developing countries. The validated 22-item scale effectively assesses shame, blame, social isolation, discrimination, and equity in international research settings.

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Psychometrics
  • Social Science Research

Background:

  • HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination hinder prevention, testing, and care globally.
  • Existing stigma scales are often not comprehensive and lack validation in developing countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a comprehensive, psychometrically sound stigma scale for use in international, particularly developing, country settings.
  • To address limitations of existing measures by creating a standardized tool for global research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review to compile 82 potential questions.
  • Pilot testing of a 50-item scale, refined to a 22-item, 3-dimensional measure.
  • Psychometric evaluation including internal consistency reliability and divergent validity in Thailand and Zimbabwe.

Main Results:

  • The 22-item scale demonstrated high internal consistency and good divergent validity in both Thailand and Zimbabwe.
  • Three distinct dimensions of stigma were identified: shame, blame and social isolation; perceived discrimination; and equity.
  • Significant differences in stigmatizing attitudes were observed between countries, with minimal variations by age or sex within sites.

Conclusions:

  • The developed scale is a short, comprehensive, and standardized measure for assessing HIV/AIDS-related stigma.
  • This tool can be readily integrated into international research questionnaires, facilitating cross-cultural comparisons.
  • Findings highlight the need for context-specific approaches to address HIV stigma globally.