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Thermal transfer in extracted incisors during thermal pulp sensitivity testing.

P Linsuwanont¹, J E Palamara, H H Messer

¹School of Dental Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

International Endodontic Journal

|December 18, 2007

Summary

Thermal pulp testing stimuli show significant temperature variability. Dry ice and refrigerant spray offer the most consistent temperature changes in teeth, while ice is a weak stimulus.

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Area of Science:

Dental diagnostics
Biophysics of thermal stimuli

Background:

Pulp sensitivity testing relies on thermal stimuli.
Understanding temperature distribution in teeth is crucial for accurate diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify temperature changes within tooth structure during thermal pulp testing.
To compare the effectiveness of various thermal stimuli.

Main Methods:

Extracted human teeth subjected to six thermal stimuli (hot water, gutta-percha, dry ice, refrigerant spray, ice, cold water).
Temperature changes measured at enamel, dentino-enamel junction (DEJ), and pulpal surfaces using thermocouples.
Data analyzed using ANOVA (P < 0.05).

Main Results:

Temperature changes detected faster at DEJ and pulpal surfaces with hot water, heated gutta-percha, and refrigerant spray.

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Greater temperature differences from tooth temperature induced larger initial thermal gradients and subsequent changes.

Ice and cold water were identified as weaker stimuli.

Conclusions:

Thermal stimuli used in pulp testing exhibit high variability in temperature, thermal transfer rate, and temperature change extent.
Dry ice and refrigerant spray provide the most consistent stimuli.
Heated gutta-percha and hot water showed high variability; ice was a weak stimulus.