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Cause and Effect01:53

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Related Experiment Video

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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
07:26

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Published on: January 31, 2017

[The "Werther-effect": legend or reality?].

Thomas Niederkrotenthaler1, Arno Herberth, Gernot Sonneck

  • 1Institut für Medizinische Psychologie, Zentrum für Public Health, Medizinische Universität Wien. thomas.niederkrotenthaler@meduniwien.ac.at

Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie Und Rehabilitation : Organ Der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte Und Psychiater
|December 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Media guidelines for reporting suicides in Austria significantly reduced subway suicides and attempts by over 80%. While overall suicides decreased, a slight increase in suicide attempts occurred after 1991.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • The
  • Werther effect
  • describes media-induced imitation of suicidal behavior.
  • Previous research on imitation effects linked to Goethe's novel has not determined the epidemiological extent.
  • Current social science research on suicide reporting's impact remains inconclusive.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the impact of Austrian
  • Media Guidelines for Reporting on Suicides
  • implemented in 1987.
  • To assess the guidelines' effectiveness in reducing subway suicides/attempts and overall suicide rates.

Summary:

  • Austrian media guidelines led to an 80% drop in subway suicides and attempts within six months.
  • Overall suicides in Vienna and Austria decreased by 40% and 33% respectively since 1987.
  • A slow, significant increase in suicides plus attempts (not suicides alone) was observed after 1991.

Impact:

  • The study suggests Austrian media guidelines have a significant impact on reducing suicidal behavior.
  • Evidence supports the hypothesis that reporting quality can trigger short-term increases in suicide in specific subgroups.
  • The findings have implications for public health policy and media practices regarding suicide reporting.