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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

The DNA damage response: ten years after.

J Wade Harper1, Stephen J Elledge

  • 1Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Genetics and Genomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. wade_harper@hms.harvard.edu

Molecular Cell
|December 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The DNA damage response (DDR) network repairs DNA damage and replication issues by coordinating cellular processes. Recent advances reveal key signaling pathways, impacting aging and cancer research.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is crucial for maintaining genomic stability.
  • Understanding DDR mechanisms is vital for addressing diseases like cancer and aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in DNA damage sensing and signaling.
  • To highlight the role of phosphorylation and ubiquitination in the DDR network.
  • To discuss the implications of DDR findings for aging and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on DNA damage response pathways.
  • Analysis of signaling mechanisms including protein phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
  • Integration of findings related to cellular physiology and DNA repair.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding DNA damage sensing and signal transduction.
  • Elucidation of the interplay between phosphorylation and ubiquitination in DDR.
  • Identification of DDR's role in coordinating DNA repair with cellular functions.

Conclusions:

  • The DDR network is a complex system involving sensors, transducers, and effectors.
  • Recent discoveries have greatly expanded our knowledge of DDR signaling.
  • DDR mechanisms have profound implications for understanding and treating aging and cancer.