Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence01:17

Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence

Bioequivalence studies are crucial in evaluating whether new drugs can match an approved one regarding pharmacological effects and clinical performance. These studies test if drugs, despite different dosage forms, share identical plasma concentration-time profiles. Three types of equivalence are central to these studies: chemical, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic. Chemical equivalence indicates that two or more drug products contain identical active ingredients in equal amounts. Pharmaceutical...
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant, half-life,...
Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration01:18

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration

The two-compartment model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration illustrates drug distribution in the body, subdividing it into central and peripheral compartments. This model operates on the concept of two-compartment kinetics. The drug's plasma concentration shows a bi-exponential decline following IV bolus administration, signaling the presence of two disposition processes: distribution and elimination.
The disparity between drug input and the sum of drug transfer rates between...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection00:59

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Drug Elimination for IV Bolus Injection

In pharmacokinetics, the elimination rate of a drug following a capacity-limited model is primarily controlled by two parameters: Vmax and KM. These parameters are crucial in how the drug behaves inside the body after administration.
Following the administration of a single intravenous (IV) bolus injection, we can determine the concentration of the drug in the plasma at any given time. This calculation is achieved using a specific equation that integrates the values of Vmax and KM.
We can also...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical Research in Community Oncology: Advancing Cancer Care Through Localized Clinical Trials.

JCO oncology practice·2026
Same author

Reply to "Real-world safety, prognostic, and design considerations in ketogenic diet trials for pancreatic cancer".

Cancer·2026
Same author

A phase II clinical trial of albumin-bound paclitaxel, cisplatin, gemcitabine (NABPLAGEM), and paricalcitol as neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer.

The oncologist·2026
Same author

First-in-human, phase 1, open-label study of alomfilimab, an anti-ICOS antibody, as a single agent and in combination with anti-PD-L1 in advanced malignancies.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026
Same author

Plain language summary of the LOGIC 2 study: Encorafenib, binimetinib, plus a third drug for people with BRAF V600-mutant melanoma.

Future oncology (London, England)·2026
Same author

A randomized phase II trial of gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin with or without a medically supervised ketogenic diet for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Cancer·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

Does intraosseous equal intravenous? A pharmacokinetic study.

Daniel D Von Hoff1, John G Kuhn, Howard A Burris

  • 1Translational Genomics Research Institute and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85721, USA.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|December 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Intraosseous (IO) morphine sulfate administration in adults demonstrated bioequivalence to intravenous (IV) administration. This study confirms IO route as a viable alternative for morphine delivery in emergency medicine.

More Related Videos

Enhanced Gene Delivery and Expression using Intraosseous Injection of Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulated Adenine Base Editor Plasmids
07:14

Enhanced Gene Delivery and Expression using Intraosseous Injection of Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulated Adenine Base Editor Plasmids

Published on: May 16, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

Enhanced Gene Delivery and Expression using Intraosseous Injection of Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulated Adenine Base Editor Plasmids
07:14

Enhanced Gene Delivery and Expression using Intraosseous Injection of Chitosan Nanoparticles Encapsulated Adenine Base Editor Plasmids

Published on: May 16, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Intraosseous (IO) infusion is increasingly used in emergency medicine for adults.
  • Limited human research exists on the pharmacokinetics of IO-administered drugs.
  • Understanding IO drug pharmacokinetics is crucial for optimizing emergency treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the pharmacokinetics of intraosseous versus intravenous administration of morphine sulfate in adults.
  • To evaluate the bioequivalence of morphine sulfate delivered via IO and IV routes.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of IO morphine sulfate in a human clinical setting.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, randomized, crossover study design.
  • Adult subjects received a 5-mg bolus of morphine sulfate via randomized IO or IV routes, with crossover after 24 hours.
  • Serial blood samples were collected over 8 hours and analyzed for morphine concentration using radioimmunoassay.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant differences were found in key pharmacokinetic parameters, including Cmax, Tmax, and AUC, between IO and IV morphine sulfate.
  • A statistically significant difference was observed in the volume of distribution in the central compartment (Vd).
  • The observed Vd difference is attributed to potential minor deposition effects at the IO site.

Conclusions:

  • Intraosseous administration of morphine sulfate is bioequivalent to intravenous administration in adults.
  • The IO route is a reliable alternative for morphine sulfate delivery in emergency medical situations.
  • Further research may explore the implications of the observed Vd difference.