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Related Concept Videos

Lossless Lines01:23

Lossless Lines

In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...
Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines01:21

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...
Passive Filters01:27

Passive Filters

Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff frequency...
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
Active Filters01:25

Active Filters

Active filters are electronic circuits that use operational amplifiers (op-amps), resistors, and capacitors to filter out unwanted frequency components from a signal. A first-order low-pass active filter is designed to pass signals with a frequency lower than a certain cutoff frequency and attenuate frequencies higher than that cutoff frequency. The transfer function for a first-order low-pass active filter is:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

All-fiber zero-insertion-loss add-drop filter for wavelength-division multiplexing.

A S Kewitsch, G A Rakuljic, P A Willems

    Optics Letters
    |December 18, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    We created a novel all-fiber add-drop filter using a Bragg grating in a fused fiber coupler. This polarization-independent device offers low insertion loss and high efficiency for optical signal processing.

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    Published on: November 22, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber Optics
    • Nanophotonics

    Background:

    • All-fiber devices offer advantages in size and integration for optical signal processing.
    • Add-drop filters are crucial components for wavelength-selective signal routing in optical networks.
    • Existing filters often face challenges with insertion loss, bandwidth, and polarization dependence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and fabricate a high-performance all-fiber add-drop filter.
    • To demonstrate the filter's capabilities in terms of insertion loss, spectral bandwidth, and add-drop efficiency.
    • To achieve polarization-independent operation for practical applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of an asymmetric mode converter-coupler by adiabatic tapering and fusing of dissimilar single-mode optical fibers.
    • Recording a Bragg grating within the waist of the fabricated fiber coupler.
    • Characterization of the filter's performance, including insertion loss, spectral bandwidth, add-drop efficiency, and polarization dependence.

    Main Results:

    • The developed all-fiber add-drop filter exhibited a low insertion loss of approximately 0.1 dB.
    • A narrow spectral bandwidth of less than 1 nm was achieved.
    • A high add-drop efficiency exceeding 90% was demonstrated.
    • The filter was confirmed to be polarization independent.

    Conclusions:

    • The fabricated all-fiber add-drop filter demonstrates excellent performance characteristics.
    • The device's low insertion loss, narrow bandwidth, high efficiency, and polarization independence make it suitable for advanced optical signal processing.
    • This technology offers a promising solution for integrated optical systems and wavelength-selective routing.