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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Compact broadband 5-bit photonic true-time-delay module for phased-array antennas.

Z Fu, R Li, R T Chen

    Optics Letters
    |December 18, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed a novel photonic true-time-delay (TTD) device using guided-wave propagation and gratings. This compact, high-density device achieves a 2.4 THz bandwidth and 50 ps delay step, outperforming electronic systems.

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    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
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    Published on: February 6, 2014

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    Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

    A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
    07:56

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    Published on: September 5, 2019

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Photonic true-time-delay (TTD) lines offer significant advantages over electronic systems.
    • Increasing research interest in TTD lines for advanced applications.
    • Need for compact and high-performance TTD devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a novel 5-bit photonic TTD device with 32 TTD lines.
    • To investigate substrate guided-wave propagation and slanted photopolymer gratings for TTD.
    • To evaluate the system design, fabrication, and performance of the TTD device.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized substrate guided-wave propagation on a quartz substrate.
    • Incorporated slanted photopolymer volume phase gratings for TTD.
    • Optimized fan-out intensity uniformity and evaluated device performance.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a measured bandwidth of up to 2.4 THz.
    • Demonstrated a fan-out delay step of 50 ps.
    • Exhibited fan-out beam intensity uniformity within +/-10%.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed photonic TTD device offers superior performance and packing density.
    • The device achieves the highest demonstrated packing density of 2.5 delay lines/cm(2).
    • This technology represents a significant advancement in photonic TTD systems.