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Related Concept Videos

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes01:27

Protein Import into the Peroxisomes

Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes enzymatically convert the released hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Peroxisomal Protein Import:
Peroxisomes lack the genetic machinery required to code for their own proteins. Hence, most peroxisomal membrane, lumenal and transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm or ER and transported to the peroxisome...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Peroxisomes01:30

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Monitoring Stub1-Mediated Pexophagy
08:26

Monitoring Stub1-Mediated Pexophagy

Published on: May 12, 2023

The peroxiredoxin repair proteins.

Thomas J Jönsson1, W Todd Lowther

  • 1Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|December 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Sulfiredoxin and sestrin repair oxidized peroxiredoxins, crucial enzymes for cell signaling and defense. Their unique structures enable access to peroxiredoxin active sites for novel sulfur chemistry.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are key regulators of cellular redox homeostasis.
  • Hyperoxidation of 2-Cys Prx inactivates them, disrupting cellular signaling.
  • Sulfiredoxin (Srx) and sestrin are identified as reductases capable of repairing oxidized Prx.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of sulfiredoxin and sestrin in repairing oxidized peroxiredoxins.
  • To investigate the structural features of sulfiredoxin enabling peroxiredoxin active site access.
  • To explore the novel sulfur chemistry employed by these enzymes.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme activity assays to measure reductase function.
  • Structural biology techniques (e.g., X-ray crystallography) to determine enzyme structures.

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A Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Assay to Measure Repair of DNA-protein Crosslinks on Plasmids Transfected into Mammalian Cells
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A Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Assay to Measure Repair of DNA-protein Crosslinks on Plasmids Transfected into Mammalian Cells

Published on: March 5, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Monitoring Stub1-Mediated Pexophagy
08:26

Monitoring Stub1-Mediated Pexophagy

Published on: May 12, 2023

A Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Assay to Measure Repair of DNA-protein Crosslinks on Plasmids Transfected into Mammalian Cells
11:58

A Simple, Rapid, and Quantitative Assay to Measure Repair of DNA-protein Crosslinks on Plasmids Transfected into Mammalian Cells

Published on: March 5, 2018

  • Biochemical analyses to probe sulfur chemistry.

    • Main Results:

    • Sulfiredoxin and sestrin selectively reduce hyperoxidized 2-Cys peroxiredoxins.
    • The unique structure of sulfiredoxin facilitates efficient access to the peroxiredoxin active site.
    • Novel sulfur-based reaction mechanisms are involved in the repair process.

    Conclusions:

    • Sulfiredoxin and sestrin are vital cysteine sulfinic acid reductases in eukaryotes.
    • These enzymes play critical roles in modulating peroxide-mediated cell signaling.
    • Their unique structures and sulfur chemistry are key to their function in cellular defense.