Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 9, 2026
09:25
ROS Live Cell Imaging During Neuronal Development
Published on: February 9, 2021
Peroxiredoxins in the central nervous system.
Fumiyuki Hattori1, Shinzo Oikawa
1Asubio Pharma Co. Ltd. Research park, Institute of Integrated Medical Research Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|December 19, 2007
Summary
Oxidative stress contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) and Thioredoxins (Trxs) show neuroprotective roles, with PrxIII and PrxV demonstrating efficacy against excitotoxicity in models.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Oxidative stress is a key factor in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
- Peroxiredoxin (Prx) and Thioredoxin (Trx) systems play crucial roles in cellular redox homeostasis.
- Distinct expression patterns of Prx isozymes exist across different brain cells and regions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases.
- To examine changes in Prx/Trx expression during disease states.
- To highlight the neuroprotective functions of Prxs and Trxs.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on oxidative stress mechanisms in neurological disorders.
- Analysis of basal and disease-induced expression levels of Prx and Trx isozymes.
- Examination of neuroprotective effects in overexpression models and experimental treatments.
Main Results:
- Prx isozymes exhibit specific cellular and regional distributions in the brain.
- Disease models show altered Prx expression, including upregulation of PrxI, II, VI and downregulation of PrxIII.
- PrxIII and PrxV demonstrated significant neuroprotection against excitotoxicity in vivo.
Conclusions:
- Prxs and Trxs are critical components of the brain's antioxidant defense system.
- Modulation of Prx and Trx levels offers potential therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
- Targeting Prx and Trx pathways may mitigate neuronal damage caused by oxidative stress.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
01:30Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
01:24Peroxisomes
Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
01:27Protein Import into the Peroxisomes
Cells contain membrane-bound organelles called peroxisomes that oxidize organic molecules by transferring hydrogen atoms to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide. Peroxisomes enzymatically convert the released hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
Peroxisomal Protein Import:
Peroxisomes lack the genetic machinery required to code for their own proteins. Hence, most peroxisomal membrane, lumenal and transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm or ER and transported to the peroxisome...
Peroxisomal Protein Import:
Peroxisomes lack the genetic machinery required to code for their own proteins. Hence, most peroxisomal membrane, lumenal and transmembrane proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm or ER and transported to the peroxisome...
01:27Redox Reactions
Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
01:24Redox Reactions
Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...