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Related Concept Videos

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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Synchondrosis
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
06:53

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Published on: July 4, 2017

Longitudinal epiphyseal bracket.

Jimmy Q Nguyen, Jason B Gatewood, Douglas Beall

    The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association
    |December 19, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A longitudinal epiphyseal bracket (LEB) is a rare bone defect causing limb shortening and deformities. Surgical excision of LEBs in a young patient with bilateral hallux varus deformities yielded excellent clinical results, restoring normal growth.

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    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedic surgery
    • Pediatric orthopedics
    • Skeletal dysplasias

    Background:

    • A longitudinal epiphyseal bracket (LEB) is a defect affecting tubular bone growth, primarily seen in hands and feet.
    • LEB results from abnormal ossification centers, leading to restricted longitudinal growth, bone shortening, and angular deformities.
    • Associated deformities include hallux varus, a medial deviation of the great toe.

    Observation:

    • The study presents a case of a two-month-old infant with bilateral bracketed first metatarsals and associated hallux varus deformities.
    • Diagnosis was confirmed using plain film and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
    • The patient underwent bilateral bracket excision surgery.

    Findings:

    • Surgical excision of the cartilaginous longitudinal epiphyseal bracket was performed.
    • The procedure aimed to prevent future soft tissue contractures and osseous deformities.
    • Excellent clinical outcomes were observed post-surgery.

    Implications:

    • Early surgical intervention for LEB may prevent long-term complications and improve functional outcomes.
    • This case highlights the successful management of bilateral hallux varus deformity caused by LEB in an infant.
    • Further research into LEB management strategies and associated syndromes is warranted.