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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Engineering Transplantation-suitable Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tissue Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Engineering Transplantation-suitable Retinal Pigment Epithelium Tissue Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: September 6, 2018

Human embryonic stem cells for tissue engineering.

Daniel Kitsberg¹

¹Stem Cell Technologies Ltd, Jerusalem, Israel.

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|December 19, 2007

Summary

Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) offer vast potential for regenerative medicine. This review covers methods for HESC growth, maintenance, differentiation, and genetic manipulation for therapeutic applications.

Area of Science:

Stem Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine
Developmental Biology

Background:

Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
HESCs hold significant promise for tissue engineering and transplantation therapies.
Cellular therapies aim to replace impaired cell functions in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review methods for HESC cultivation and maintenance.
To discuss techniques for inducing specific cell differentiation from HESCs.
To explore genetic manipulation strategies for HESCs.

Main Methods:

Review of established protocols for HESC culture and karyotype stability.
Analysis of spontaneous and induced differentiation methods.

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Examination of genetic engineering techniques applicable to HESCs.

Main Results:

Optimal conditions are crucial for maintaining HESC pluripotency and karyotype.
Developing specific differentiation protocols remains a key challenge.
Genetic manipulation offers avenues for therapeutic cell generation.

Conclusions:

HESCs represent a powerful tool for regenerative medicine.
Standardized methods for differentiation and isolation are needed.
Further research into HESC manipulation will advance transplantation therapies.