Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
Neural Control of Respiration01:18

Neural Control of Respiration

The neural regulation of respiration is a meticulously coordinated process primarily controlled by the respiratory centers located within the brainstem. These centers, composed of specialized neurons, transmit nerve impulses that control the contraction and relaxation of our respiratory muscles.
Respiratory Centers in the Brainstem
Two primary areas comprise the respiratory center: the medullary respiratory center in the medulla oblongata and the pontine respiratory group in the pons. The...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration01:22

Physiology of Respiration II: Neurogenic Control of Respiration

The neurogenic control of respiration coordinates various neural networks and pathways to regulate breathing rate and depth, meeting the body's oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange requirements. This system adapts to physiological and environmental conditions, ensuring optimal breathing patterns.
Central Control
The brainstem is the primary site of central control, hosting respiratory centers:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Respiratory stress drives microglial remodeling in the parafacial region of mice.

Respiratory physiology & neurobiology·2026
Same author

Restoration of the Central Chemoreflex by a Progesterone Receptor Agonist After Lesions of the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Cellular properties and axonal projections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons in the mouse lateral hypothalamic area.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Tachykinergic signaling mediated by NK1 receptors in the respiratory parafacial region drives respiratory output and contributes to the chemoreflex response to CO<sub>2</sub>.

Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology·2026
Same author

Urethane and vagotomy reshape cardiorespiratory homeostasis and RTN chemoreceptor function.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same author

Omega-3 supplementation prevents functional and neural respiratory damage present in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

Neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Method to Target and Isolate Airway-innervating Sensory Neurons in Mice
07:08

A Method to Target and Isolate Airway-innervating Sensory Neurons in Mice

Published on: April 19, 2016

The retrotrapezoid nucleus and central chemoreception.

Patrice G Guyenet1, Douglas A Bayliss, Daniel K Mulkey

  • 1University of Virginia, Department of Pharmacology, USA. pgg@virginia.edu

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Central respiratory chemoreception (CRC) regulates breathing via brain pCO2. This review examines pH-responsive neurons in the retrotrapezoid region, analyzing their role as potential central respiratory chemoreceptors.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
13:55

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees

Published on: July 21, 2014

An Effective Manual Deboning Method To Prepare Intact Mouse Nasal Tissue With Preserved Anatomical Organization
15:40

An Effective Manual Deboning Method To Prepare Intact Mouse Nasal Tissue With Preserved Anatomical Organization

Published on: August 10, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Method to Target and Isolate Airway-innervating Sensory Neurons in Mice
07:08

A Method to Target and Isolate Airway-innervating Sensory Neurons in Mice

Published on: April 19, 2016

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees
13:55

Simultaneous Long-term Recordings at Two Neuronal Processing Stages in Behaving Honeybees

Published on: July 21, 2014

An Effective Manual Deboning Method To Prepare Intact Mouse Nasal Tissue With Preserved Anatomical Organization
15:40

An Effective Manual Deboning Method To Prepare Intact Mouse Nasal Tissue With Preserved Anatomical Organization

Published on: August 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Central respiratory chemoreception (CRC) is vital for regulating breathing.
  • The molecular and cellular underpinnings of CRC remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties of pH-responsive neurons in the retrotrapezoid region.
  • To evaluate if these neurons function as central respiratory chemoreceptors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons.
  • Analysis of neuronal pH sensitivity and its link to respiratory control.

Main Results:

  • Identified a cluster of pH-responsive neurons in the retrotrapezoid region.
  • These neurons exhibit characteristics consistent with central chemoreception.

Conclusions:

  • The retrotrapezoid nucleus harbors key cells involved in central respiratory chemoreception.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the cellular mechanisms of CRC.