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A Case Series of Successful Abdominal Closure Utilizing a Novel Technique Combining a Mechanical Closure System with a Biologic Xenograft that Accelerates Wound Healing

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Abdominal compartment syndrome.

Georgi Petrov Deenichin¹

¹Department of Surgery III, Medical University Faculty of Medicine, Pestersko Shose Street 66, Plovdiv 4001, Bulgaria.

|December 19, 2007

Summary

Abdominal compartment syndrome occurs when intra-abdominal pressure exceeds 20 mmHg, causing organ failure. Surgical decompression is the primary treatment to relieve pressure and improve organ function.

Area of Science:

Pathophysiology
Critical Care Medicine
Surgical Science

Background:

Compartment syndrome involves elevated pressure within anatomical spaces, affecting various organs.
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined by intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) > 20 mmHg with organ failure.
ACS develops rapidly, with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) lasting over 6 hours.

Purpose of the Study:

To define Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) and its diagnostic criteria.
To highlight the "gold standard" diagnostic method for ACS.
To outline the primary treatment and management strategies for ACS.

Main Methods:

Intra-abdominal pressure measurement, primarily via urinary bladder catheterization.
Assessment of multi-organ system damage, with a focus on gastrointestinal tract sensitivity.

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Surgical decompression (laparotomy) as the definitive treatment.

Main Results:

Elevated intra-abdominal pressure (>20 mmHg) is the key diagnostic indicator for ACS.
The gastrointestinal system demonstrates end-organ damage earliest in response to IAH.
Surgical decompression significantly improves organ function in ACS patients.

Conclusions:

Abdominal compartment syndrome requires prompt recognition and intervention.
Urinary bladder pressure measurement is the gold standard for diagnosing ACS.
Surgical decompression is the treatment of choice, often followed by temporary abdominal closure techniques.