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Related Concept Videos

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is clinically...
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea
07:36

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Published on: December 23, 2022

Ritodrine pharmacokinetics in twin pregnancy patients.

A Konda1, A Nodai, M Soma

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Tenshi Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|December 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Ritodrine serum concentrations increased in twin pregnancies due to decreased clearance in some patients. Further studies are needed to optimize ritodrine therapy for twin pregnancies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea
07:36

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Published on: December 23, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Obstetrics
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

  • Ritodrine is used to manage preterm labor.
  • Understanding ritodrine pharmacokinetics is crucial for effective and safe tocolytic therapy, especially in complex pregnancies like twin gestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of ritodrine in twin pregnancy patients.
  • To correlate serum ritodrine concentrations with therapeutic outcomes.
  • To establish a basis for rational ritodrine dosing in twin pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • Serum ritodrine concentrations were measured in 14 twin pregnancy patients.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for precise quantification.
  • Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed in relation to gestational age and individual patient data.

Main Results:

  • Patients exhibited linear ritodrine pharmacokinetic profiles.
  • A slight negative correlation was observed between gestational period and ritodrine clearance.
  • Three out of 14 patients showed a significant decrease in total body clearance, leading to increased serum ritodrine levels.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased ritodrine clearance in a subset of twin pregnancy patients contributes to elevated serum concentrations near term.
  • Individual pharmacokinetic variability necessitates further research for tailored ritodrine therapy.
  • Additional studies are required to define optimal and safe ritodrine regimens for twin pregnancies.