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Golgi Apparatus01:49

Golgi Apparatus

As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.The Golgi apparatus is a major sorting and dispatch station for the products of the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Golgi Apparatus01:09

Golgi Apparatus

Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
The Golgi apparatus is a eukaryotic organelle that has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance. It is a primary sorting and dispatch station for cargo arriving from the ER. Newly arriving vesicles enter the cis face of the Golgi, closest to the ER, and are...
Transport Across the Golgi01:26

Transport Across the Golgi

While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
Golgi Matrix Proteins01:12

Golgi Matrix Proteins

Golgi matrix proteins are a group of highly dynamic proteins that maintain the stacked structure of Golgi. These proteins adapt to rapid morphological changes of the Golgi during the cell cycle. During cell division, mild proteolysis removes these connections resulting in Golgi unstacking. In The daughter cells, these proteins help reassemble the unstacked Golgi.
One of the first identified Golgi matrix proteins was GM130, a rod-like protein located in the cis-Golgi. Subsequently, many Golgi...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass
13:08

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

Published on: August 10, 2017

How many ways through the Golgi maze?

Kristian Prydz1, Gunnar Dick, Heidi Tveit

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1041, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. kristian.prydz@imbv.uio.no

Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)
|December 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The Golgi apparatus, crucial for protein sorting in eukaryotic cells, shows diverse structures and locations. This review examines its role in the secretory pathway, especially in polarized cells.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The secretory pathway transports proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Golgi apparatus to their destinations.
  • The Golgi apparatus is typically perinuclear in mammalian cells but can be dispersed in other organisms and cell types.
  • Golgi structure varies in cisternae number and stack count, potentially reflecting cellular complexity and protein load.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review morphological and biochemical data on the Golgi apparatus.
  • To evaluate the current understanding of protein sorting in the secretory pathway.
  • To focus on the Golgi's role in polarized cells, such as neurons and epithelial cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of morphological and biochemical studies.
  • Analysis of data on Golgi structure and localization across different species.
  • Examination of protein sorting mechanisms within the secretory pathway.

Main Results:

  • Golgi apparatus localization and structure are highly variable across eukaryotes.
  • The number of Golgi cisternae correlates with enzymatic complexity, while stack number relates to macromolecule trafficking.
  • Dispersed Golgi elements are observed in specific cell types, challenging the perinuclear model.

Conclusions:

  • The Golgi apparatus exhibits significant structural and functional plasticity.
  • Understanding Golgi organization is key to deciphering protein sorting in the secretory pathway.
  • Further research is needed on Golgi function in polarized cells.