Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...

Bone Structure

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.

Fractures: Bone Repair

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nuclear destabilisation - a possible genesis of cancer?

Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·2025

Same author

It's Not the Destination, It's the Journey: Heterogeneity in mRNA Export Mechanisms.

Advances in experimental medicine and biology·2019

Same author

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b (MEN2B) in a 9-Year-Old Female.

Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·2018

Same author

Nol12 is a multifunctional RNA binding protein at the nexus of RNA and DNA metabolism.

Nucleic acids research·2017

Same author

Commentary on "Rehabilitation Outcomes Associated With Foreign Domestic Workers as Caregivers".

Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation·2017

Same author

Nucleolin and nucleophosmin: nucleolar proteins with multiple functions in DNA repair.

Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

Published on: September 27, 2024

A review of bone substitutes.

Solon T Kao¹, Daniel D Scott

¹Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. skao@mcg.edu

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America

|December 20, 2007

Summary

Bone grafting utilizes various materials like autografts, allografts, and synthetics for defect repair. Understanding these bone graft options allows tailored treatment plans for patients.

Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Biomaterials Science
Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

Bone grafting is a cornerstone in repairing bone defects, historically relying on autologous bone.
Technological advancements have expanded options to include allografts, xenografts, and synthetic bone graft substitutes.
Each grafting material offers distinct advantages, necessitating informed clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of bone grafting principles.
To detail the diverse range of available bone graft materials.
To explore future directions in bone grafting for medicine and dentistry.

Main Methods:

Literature review of bone grafting principles and materials.
Analysis of current bone graft types: autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetics.

More Related Videos

Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions

Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions

Published on: December 30, 2025

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Published on: August 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

Comprehensive Characterization of Tissue Mineralization in an Ex Vivo Model

Published on: September 27, 2024

Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions

Half-segmental Diaphyseal Bone Defect Model in Rats for Evaluating Bone Substitute Performance in Load-bearing Regions

Published on: December 30, 2025

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Calvarial Model of Bone Augmentation in Rabbit for Assessment of Bone Growth and Neovascularization in Bone Substitution Materials

Published on: August 13, 2019

Discussion of clinical applications and future trends in bone regeneration.

Main Results:

Autologous bone grafts remain a successful standard.
Allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials offer valuable alternatives with unique benefits.
Knowledge of material properties enables personalized treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

A thorough understanding of bone graft materials is crucial for optimal patient care.
The expanding array of bone graft options enhances surgical and therapeutic possibilities.
Future innovations promise further advancements in bone defect repair and regeneration.