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Uremic toxins: what are they? An integrated overview of pathobiology and classification
1Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. glassock@cox.net
Abstract:
Toxic substances, known as uremic toxins, accumulate in body fluids during the course of progressive, chronic kidney disease. This article will briefly summarize current views on the definition, physico-chemical characteristics, pathobiological mechanisms for generation and retention, and cellular pathophysiology of uremic toxins. In addition, this article will attempt to integrate these disparate phenomena into a systems biology approach as to how such toxins lead to the diverse clinical manifestations so characteristic of the uremic state.
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