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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

Published on: November 7, 2025

Imaging low-risk prostate cancer.

Amita Shukla-Dave¹, Hedvig Hricak, Peter T Scardino

¹Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. davea@mskcc.org

Current Opinion in Urology

|December 20, 2007

Summary

Advanced imaging techniques like MRI can help identify low-risk prostate cancer, reducing overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Integrating imaging data into nomograms improves predictions for better prostate cancer management.

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A Cognitive Fusion-guided Prostate Biopsy Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transrectal Ultrasound

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

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Published on: November 7, 2025

A Cognitive Fusion-guided Prostate Biopsy Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transrectal Ultrasound

A Cognitive Fusion-guided Prostate Biopsy Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transrectal Ultrasound

Published on: March 21, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Radiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has led to prostate cancer downstaging, causing overdiagnosis and overtreatment.
There is a need for improved methods to identify low-risk prostate cancer for more appropriate management.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of imaging in identifying low-risk prostate cancer.
To discuss how imaging can enable more appropriate disease management.

Main Methods:

Review of existing clinical nomograms for prostate cancer prediction.
Analysis of nomogram models incorporating MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data.

Main Results:

Clinical nomograms integrating biopsy and clinical findings predict insignificant prostate cancer.
Nomograms incorporating MRI and MRSI data show improved prediction of insignificant prostate cancer compared to clinical models alone.

Conclusions:

Nomograms integrating imaging data offer enhanced prediction of insignificant prostate cancer.
Further research on imaging low-risk prostate cancer is needed to develop evidence-based guidelines for better patient stratification.