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Diverse Mariner-like elements in fig wasps.

E R Haine1, P Kabat, J M Cook

  • 1Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, UK. e.haine@sheffield.ac.uk

Insect Molecular Biology
|December 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) host diverse mariner transposable elements, mostly inactive and ancient. Their long-standing association suggests minimal cost to these insect hosts.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Insect biology
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Mariner transposable elements are abundant and varied across insect species.
  • Fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) represent a diverse group of insects with largely uncharacterized transposable element content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and diversity of mariner elements in ten fig wasp species.
  • To characterize the evolutionary history and potential activity of mariner elements within the Agaonidae family.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of ten fig wasp species for mariner elements using molecular techniques.
  • Sequencing of full-length mariner elements to analyze their structure and genetic integrity.
  • Comparative genomic analysis to identify insertion sites and evolutionary relationships.

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Main Results:

  • All ten surveyed fig wasp species contain a high diversity of mariner elements.
  • The majority of identified mariner elements exhibit interrupted reading frames in the transposase gene, indicating inactivity.
  • Sequenced elements show insertion in conserved genomic regions shared with other Hymenoptera.
  • Evidence points to ancient association and vertical transmission of mariner elements in fig wasps.

Conclusions:

  • Fig wasps harbor a rich and ancient repertoire of mariner transposable elements.
  • The observed inactivity and conserved insertion sites suggest long-term co-evolution with minimal host detriment.
  • Vertical transmission is the dominant mode of mariner element inheritance in this insect group.