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Related Concept Videos

Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Inverse Trigonometric Functions01:29

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inverse trigonometric functions are fundamental mathematical tools that reverse the actions of standard trigonometric functions. While trigonometric functions map angles to ratios, inverse trigonometric functions perform the opposite operation by mapping a ratio back to its corresponding angle. These functions are essential in various applications, particularly in determining angles when given specific distances, such as calculating elevation angles in navigation and engineering.For a function...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
The Skin Microbiota01:27

The Skin Microbiota

The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions01:30

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A ship tracking an approaching aircraft relies on geometric measurements to find out the aircraft’s position relative to the observer. By measuring the slant distance to the aircraft and the angle of elevation, the horizontal and vertical components of the distance can be obtained using trigonometric relationships. This geometric approach provides a basis for analyzing how the observed angle changes as the aircraft moves closer to the ship.To examine the mathematical behavior of the angle of...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Rat Model of Compound Acne
03:10

A Rat Model of Compound Acne

Published on: November 1, 2024

Acne inversa.

Daniela Meixner1, Sylke Schneider, Markus Krause

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité, Berlin, Germany. daniela.meixner@charite.de

Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
|December 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Acne inversa is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting hair follicles. Early diagnosis and surgical excision are most effective, though TNF-alpha antagonists show promise for future treatments.

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Acne inversa (hidradenitis suppurativa) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease.
  • It involves nodular inflammation, fistulas, and foul-smelling discharge, primarily in intertriginous areas.
  • The condition causes significant functional impairment and psychological distress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of acne inversa.
  • To discuss its multifactorial causes and poorly understood pathogenesis.
  • To evaluate current and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of acne inversa.
  • Analysis of disease characteristics, triggers, and treatment outcomes.
  • Evaluation of emerging therapies like TNF-alpha antagonists.

Main Results:

  • Acne inversa is chronic and progressive without treatment.
  • Obesity and smoking are identified trigger factors.
  • Radical surgical excision is the most effective treatment; local therapies and antibiotics/anti-androgens show limited benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing acne inversa.
  • Surgical excision remains the gold standard for effective treatment.
  • TNF-alpha antagonists represent a promising therapeutic avenue requiring further investigation.