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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
The Placebo Effect01:54

The Placebo Effect

The placebo effect occurs when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation. In other words, simply expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
Exposure therapy is a cornerstone of behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders. It involves systematic exposure to feared stimuli, either in real...
Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Benzodiazepines are a class of anxiolytic drugs known for their rapid efficacy and high therapeutic-to-lethal dose ratio, but with a potential risk of drug dependence. These drugs are lipophilic, allowing for rapid absorption after oral administration, eventually reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Once in the CNS, benzodiazepines bind to the allosteric site of the GABAA receptor. This binding enhances the inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter GABA. By doing so, they prevent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
08:32

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Published on: December 18, 2014

Can pill placebo augment cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder?

Toshi A Furukawa1, Norio Watanabe, Ichiro M Omori

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan. furukawa@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp

BMC Psychiatry
|December 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Adding a pill placebo to cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) significantly boosted patient response rates during acute treatment for panic disorder. This suggests pill placebos may enhance psychotherapy effectiveness.

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Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker
08:32

Disrupting Reconsolidation of Fear Memory in Humans by a Noradrenergic β-Blocker

Published on: December 18, 2014

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat
11:18

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Published on: September 12, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The assumption that psychotherapy plus placebo equals psychotherapy alone is common in trials.
  • This assumption has not been systematically investigated.
  • The empirical question of whether adding a placebo impacts psychotherapy efficacy remains unanswered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
  • To compare cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) alone versus CBT plus a pill placebo.
  • To investigate the efficacy of CBT for panic disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.
  • Included trials directly compared CBT alone with CBT plus pill placebo.
  • Focused on the treatment of panic disorder.

Main Results:

  • Identified three relevant RCTs.
  • Patients receiving CBT plus placebo showed a 26% increased chance of response during acute treatment compared to CBT alone.
  • This difference was not statistically significant at follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Taking a pill placebo may augment the inherent placebo effect in psychotherapy during acute treatment.
  • This challenges the null hypothesis regarding placebo effects.
  • Suggests potential for enhancing psychotherapy for panic disorder by incorporating pill placebos.