Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

Chemical Synapses

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

Chemical Synapses

Chemical Synapses

Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Editorial: Axon neurobiology: updates in functional and structural dynamics.

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience·2026

Same author

Unreliable homeostatic action potential broadening in cultured dissociated neurons.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Production, characterization and biodistribution of therapeutic high-density lipoprotein-like nanoparticles reconstituted with or without histidine-tagged recombinant ApoA1.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids·2025

Same author

Visual activity enhances neuronal excitability in thalamic relay neurons.

Science advances·2025

Same author

Voltage-gated ion channels in epilepsies: circuit dysfunctions and treatments.

Trends in pharmacological sciences·2024

Same author

Inducing Long-Term Plasticity of Intrinsic Neuronal Excitability in Neurons of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Paired Whole Cell Recordings in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices

Paired Whole Cell Recordings in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices

Published on: September 28, 2014

Release-dependent variations in synaptic latency: a putative code for short- and long-term synaptic dynamics.

Sami Boudkkazi¹, Edmond Carlier, Norbert Ankri

¹INSERM U641, Marseille, F-13916 France.

|December 21, 2007

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic latency in the cortex, typically ignored, is actually linked to presynaptic release probability (Pr). This finding reveals a new way neurons communicate, impacting synaptic plasticity and network dynamics.

More Related Videos

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

Published on: January 28, 2019

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Paired Whole Cell Recordings in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices

Paired Whole Cell Recordings in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices

Published on: September 28, 2014

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

A High-content Assay for Monitoring AMPA Receptor Trafficking

Published on: January 28, 2019

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Investigation of Synaptic Tagging/Capture and Cross-capture using Acute Hippocampal Slices from Rodents

Published on: September 4, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Synaptic latencies in cortical circuits are typically considered negligible, with variations around 1-2 ms.
The functional significance of these small latency variations remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between synaptic latency and presynaptic release probability (Pr) in cortical neurons.
To determine if synaptic latency variations play a role in short- and long-term synaptic plasticity.

Main Methods:

Electrophysiology in monosynaptically connected L5 and CA3 pyramidal neurons.
Manipulation of presynaptic release probability (Pr).
Dynamic-clamp technique to assess the impact of latency-strength covariation.

Main Results:

Synaptic latency is inversely correlated with postsynaptic current amplitude and directly influenced by Pr.
Paired-pulse depression and facilitation were associated with increased and decreased synaptic latencies, respectively.
Long-term depression (LTD) prolonged latency, while long-term potentiation (LTP) reduced it, demonstrating latency changes with plasticity.

Conclusions:

Amplitude-related variations in synaptic latency are not negligible and are modulated by Pr.
These latency dynamics are integral to short- and long-term synaptic plasticity.
The covariation of synaptic latency and strength significantly impacts postsynaptic spiking and cortical network function.