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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
09:53

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge

Published on: June 15, 2018

MicroRNA-155 function in B Cells.

Kathryn Calame1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. klc1@columbia.edu

Immunity
|December 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA-155 is essential for B cells to produce high-quality antibodies and mount a memory response. This study identifies the transcriptional regulator Pu.1 as a key target of microRNA-155 in B cells.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • B cells are critical for adaptive immunity, producing antibodies to combat pathogens.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • The specific role of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in B cell function, particularly in antibody production and memory formation, requires further elucidation.

Discussion:

  • Vigorito et al. demonstrate that miR-155 is indispensable for the normal production of isotype-switched, high-affinity antibodies by B cells.
  • The study highlights the necessity of miR-155 for establishing a robust B cell memory response.
  • The research identifies the transcriptional regulator Pu.1 as a functionally significant target of miR-155 within B cells, suggesting a regulatory pathway.

Key Insights:

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

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  • miR-155 is a critical regulator of B cell antibody class switching and affinity maturation.
  • A deficiency in miR-155 impairs the development of long-term humoral immunity (memory response).
  • Pu.1 is a direct and functionally relevant target of miR-155 in the context of B cell differentiation.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into the miR-155/Pu.1 axis could reveal novel therapeutic targets for immune modulation.
  • Understanding this pathway may lead to strategies for enhancing vaccine efficacy and antibody-based therapies.
  • Exploring the broader network of miR-155 targets in B cells will provide a more comprehensive view of its regulatory functions.