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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development

Published on: June 6, 2014

A study to establish gestation-specific reference intervals for thyroid function tests in normal singleton pregnancy.

Christina Cotzias1, Sarah-Jane Wong, Erica Taylor

  • 1West Middlesex University Hospital, Twickenham Road, Isleworth, Middlesex TW7 6AF, England, United Kingdom. christina.cotzias@wmuh.nhs.uk

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
|December 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes weekly reference intervals for thyroid function tests, including free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), throughout normal pregnancy. These new intervals aid in managing thyroid disorders during gestation.

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

An Ex vivo Culture System to Study Thyroid Development
08:33

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Published on: June 6, 2014

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Thyroid function tests (TFTs) are crucial for monitoring maternal and fetal health during pregnancy.
  • Existing TFT reference intervals may not accurately reflect physiological changes throughout gestation.
  • Accurate TFT interpretation is vital for diagnosing and managing thyroid dysfunction in pregnant individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish precise, gestation-specific reference intervals for key thyroid hormones.
  • To provide a clinical tool for improved diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders in pregnancy.
  • To analyze thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels across pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study involving 335 pregnant women.
  • Blood samples were collected to analyze TFTs at various gestational ages.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to calculate 95% reference intervals for each hormone per gestational week.

Main Results:

  • Gestation-specific 95% reference intervals were successfully calculated for FT4, fT3, and TSH.
  • These intervals provide a detailed range for each hormone at every week of pregnancy.
  • The data facilitates a more accurate assessment of thyroid status during gestation.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully generated comprehensive, gestation-specific reference intervals for TFTs.
  • These established intervals will enhance the clinical management of thyroid disease in pregnant populations.
  • Accurate interpretation of thyroid function during pregnancy is now better supported by these findings.