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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
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Paraquat toxicity in a mouse embryonic stem cell model.

Venu Perla1, Nancy A Perrin, Anne R Greenlee

  • 1School of Nursing, Oregon Health and Science University, One University Boulevard, La Grande Campus, La Grande, OR 97850, USA.

Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA
|December 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pesticide exposure, even at low levels, can harm early pregnancy development by increasing cell damage and halting proliferation. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) may offer protection against these toxic effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental toxicology
  • Stem cell biology
  • Environmental health

Background:

  • Pesticide exposure poses risks to early pregnancy.
  • Understanding early developmental toxicity is crucial.
  • Antioxidant interventions may mitigate pesticide harm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pesticide-induced injury in early pregnancy using a mouse embryonic stem (mES) cell model.
  • To evaluate the protective effects of an antioxidant intervention against paraquat toxicity.
  • To assess paraquat's impact on mES cell proliferation, viability, and oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

  • Mouse embryonic stem (D3 mES) cells were exposed to paraquat at various concentrations (RfD, NOEL, LOEL).
  • Assays measured cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell viability (necrosis/apoptosis), and alkaline phosphatase activity.
  • Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was used to test antioxidant intervention efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Paraquat exposure significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased ROS production and cell death (necrosis/apoptosis) in mES cells.
  • Alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed cells remained undifferentiated.
  • Ascorbic acid at the recommended daily allowance (RDA) minimized paraquat's adverse effects on cell viability and ROS levels.

Conclusions:

  • Pesticide-induced developmental injury can occur early, even at concentrations considered safe.
  • Mouse embryonic stem cells serve as a valuable in vitro model for screening developmental toxicants.
  • Antioxidant interventions, like vitamin C, show potential in protecting against early developmental pesticide toxicity.