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Cell communication by periodic cyclic-AMP pulses.

G Gerisch, D Hülser, D Malchow

    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
    |November 6, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Slime mould cells sense cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pulses, not just concentration. This temporal sensing is crucial for their chemotaxis and pattern formation during development.

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular biology
    • Developmental biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Dictyostelium discoideum cells aggregate using extracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as a signaling molecule.
    • Cellular response to cAMP involves both binding sites and phosphodiesterase activity, which are developmentally regulated.
    • The chemoreceptor system is adapted to recognize temporal changes (pulses) in cAMP concentration rather than steady-state levels.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms by which Dictyostelium discoideum cells sense and respond to extracellular cAMP.
    • To understand the role of temporal sensing versus concentration sensing in cellular behavior.
    • To elucidate the contribution of the cAMP recognition system to spatio-temporal pattern formation and signal relay.

    Main Methods:

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    • Biochemical techniques applied to cell suspensions.
    • Suppression of spatial inhomogeneities via intense stirring to preserve temporal dynamics.
    • Observation of extracellular cAMP concentration changes and cellular oscillator phase shifts in response to cAMP pulses.

    Main Results:

    • Cells respond to temporal changes in cAMP concentration, indicating pulse recognition.
    • Stationary spatial gradients can be sensed, possibly by converting spatial to temporal changes.
    • Extracellular cAMP concentration changes periodically, and cellular oscillators can be phase-shifted by external cAMP pulses.
    • Small cAMP pulses induce significant cAMP output, demonstrating signal amplification essential for a cellular relay system.

    Conclusions:

    • The cAMP recognition system in Dictyostelium discoideum is primarily adapted for detecting temporal pulses.
    • This temporal sensing is fundamental for generating spatio-temporal patterns and coordinating cell behavior.
    • Signal amplification and phase shifting are key features of the cAMP-mediated cellular relay system.