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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Nonlinear microrheology: bulk stresses versus direct interactions.

Todd M Squires1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California-Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. squires@engineering.ucsb.edu

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Active microrheology probes nonlinear material properties by applying significant force. This study addresses theoretical challenges in interpreting these measurements, aiming to accurately capture bulk rheology for complex fluids.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheology
  • Complex Fluids
  • Microrheology

Background:

  • Passive microrheology uses Brownian motion to measure linear viscoelastic properties of complex fluids.
  • Active microrheology applies external forces, potentially probing nonlinear responses beyond equilibrium.
  • Moving beyond linear response complicates theoretical interpretation and measurement validity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and discuss theoretical challenges in interpreting active microrheology measurements.
  • To explore the relationship between probe-induced stress and bulk material properties.
  • To propose adaptations for active microrheology to more accurately measure bulk rheology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the continuum limit, considering inhomogeneous velocity fields and generalized Stokes drag.
  • Microstructural modeling of a large colloidal probe in a dilute suspension of smaller particles.
  • Examination of stress contributions on the probe, including direct collisions and microstructural deformations.

Main Results:

  • In the continuum limit, probe-induced drag yields a weighted average of local viscosities, not bulk viscosity.
  • Distinguishing between direct and bulk stresses on the probe is crucial for accurate interpretation.
  • The time-dependent stress history experienced by material elements advecting past the probe is a key factor.

Conclusions:

  • Interpreting nonlinear microrheology requires addressing inhomogeneous deformation fields and deconvolution of stresses.
  • Understanding the Lagrangian stress history is vital for accurate nonlinear rheological measurements.
  • Adaptations to active microrheology can improve its ability to faithfully recover bulk rheological properties.